Gakondo

Ibitekerezo bigendera ku Bucurabwenge

bibagejejweho na
Rose-Marie Mukarutabana

| Reba Ibitekerezo bikuru by'i Rwanda |

Ibitekerezo by'Abami rero bikurirana bishingiye ku Bami b'Urwanda uko nabo bakurikirana, muri bya byimbo by'ingoma bitatu uko tubizi:

1. Abami b'Ibimanuka
2. Abami b'Umushumi
3. Abami b'Ibitekerezo

Icyakora hari ikintu twanenga Kagame kuri iyi ngingo: Ibitekerezo by'Abami b'Ibimanuka, mbese na bimwe byerekeye Gihanga n'Abami b'Umushumi, yakunze kubisuzugura, ngo ni imigani yahimbwe n'abantu gusa, kuko ivuga uko Ibimanuka byaturutse mw'ijuru kwa Shyerezo, bakururukira i Mubari, kwa Kabeja, ku Rutare rw'Ikinani. Ati "Ibyo ntibishoboka, ubwo ahari bavugaga abantu baje i Rwanda baturutse muri utwo turere, bavuye ahandi, nko muri Ethiopia, n'ikimenyimenyi Abatutsi basa n'abantu bo muri icyo gihugu bitwa Abagala" (Oromo). Ibyo yabyanditse mu Ndanji Kalinga. Nyuma ariko ibya Ethiopia aza kubireka, kuko yaje gusanga abo Bagala ari ntaho bahuriye n'Abanyarwanda, ari mu rurimi, ari no mu mico yindi. (Les Hamites du Rwanda et du Burundi sont-ils des Galla? Bulletin des Séances de l'Académie royale des Sciences coloniales, N.S. II, 3, 341/346, 1956). Kuva ubwo rero, aho kugumya ngo ashake igisobanuro cy'ibyo Bitekerezo, arushaho kwiyemeza ko ibyo by'Abami bavuye mw'ijuru ari ibihimbano, bitigeze bibaho.

Aho rero twavuga ko Kagame atasobanukiwe neza akamaro k'Inkuru ya Kigwa n'Ibimanuka. Iyo Nkuru isobanura uko Abantu batangiye kw'isi, babyawe na Muntu wa Kigwa cya Shyerezo, akaba ari we mwami wa mbere w'Abantu nyine, nabo bakaba ari abuzukuru b'Umwami wo Hejuru, Nkuba Shyerezo. Aho kandi Abakurambere baba bavuga Abantu bose, si Abatutsi gusa, mbese si n'Abanyarwanda bonyine: ni bene Muntu bose, uko bava bakagera. Mbese twavuga ko Muntu ari we Adamu wo muri bibiliya.

Kandi ni ko n'ahandi hose babyigisha: muri bibiliya se ntibavuga ko Abantu bakomoka ku Mana? Mu bisekuruza bya Yezu, bimeze nk'Ubucurabwenge bw'i Rwanda, bavuga bati "Yezu ni uwa Yozefu, wa Heli, wa Matata...." Bagakomeza batyo, no kuri Dawidi mwene Yese, no kuri Yuda na se Yosefu, no kuri Noah na se Lameki, bakazagera kuri "Enoshi, mwene Seti, mwene Adamu, mwene Imana" (Luka 3, 23-38). Ibyo na none bijyana n'ibyanditse mu gitabo cya mbere cya bibiliya, kivuga nyine amavo n'amavuko ya bene Adamu (Ge; 36). Ntimubona se ko bisa n'iby'i Rwanda, bagira bati "Uyu mwami twimitse ni Naka, wa Rugizerute rwa Ndeyande, bakagenda bakagera kuri "Muntu wa Kigwa cya Nkuba, ari we Shyerezo", Umwami wo Hejuru? Umwami wo Hejuru kandi nta wundi, ni Imana. Mu bintu bibabaje rero, ni ukubona Padri Kagame n'abandi banyabwenge bacu bemera ibyo muri bibiliya, ibyo mu Bucurabwenge bakabisuzugura, kandi mu by'ukuri byombi byigisha bimwe: Abantu ni abana b'Imana, bose bava inda imwe.

No mu yandi mahanga ni uko kandi: Ibisekuruza by'Abami buri gihe biragenda bikagera ku Bami ba mbere, bakomoka mw'ijuru, bakaba Abana b'Imana. Mu Misiri ya kera, Abami baho bakomokaga kuri Osiris, wamanukanye mw'ijuru na mushiki we Isis, bakabyarana Horus, ari we mwami wa mbere w'Abantu, nk'uko Kigwa wacu yamanukanye na mushiki we Nyampundu, bakazabyarana Muntu, wabyaye Abantu bose, akanababera Umwami wa mbere. Abo muri Afrika y'i kusi, twita Zulu, nabo ni Abajuru nyine, kandi bavuga ko umubyeyi wabo wa mbere, yaturutse mw'ijuru. Ni n'aho bakuye iryo zina. Tutagombye no kujya kure, abo duturanye benshi, ari Abanyakaragwe, Abanyankore, Abanyoro, ab'i Buha n'ab'i Bugufi, aba Kiziba na Kyamutwara, Ihangiro na Buzinza, mbese n'abandi bose bo mu kirere cy'Ibiyaga-Binini, bavuga ko Abami babo babarizwa mu byimbo bitatu, n'ubwo amazina ajya atandukana gahoro. Dore uko benshi babita:

1. Abatembuzi
2. Abacwezi
3. Abami b'Abahinda

Abatembuzi, ari bo Ab'Ibanze, baturutse mw'ijuru, nk'Ibimanuka byacu. Abacwezi bagira aho bahurira n'Abarenge bacu, ari bo Gihanga akomokaho kuri nyina Nyirarukangaga rwa Nyamigezi ya Kabeja. Ibyo tuzabisubiramo nitugera ku Gitekerezo cya Gihanga, kandi tuzasanga Kimari cya Rurenge afite aho ahurira na Wamara w'Umucwezi, dusange Abarenge baragiiye mu buryo bwibutsa igenda ry'Abacwezi. Naho Abahinda (cyangwa se Ababiito ba Toro na Bunyoro), ni kimwe n'Abanyiginya bacu.

Hari andi mahanga menshi avuga ko abami babo ba mbere bari Ibimana, bituruka mw'ijuru (Divine Kings), bakazasimburwa n'abandi b'Ibihangange cyane (Semi-divine Kings), nabo bakazasimburwa n'Abami basanzwe, b'intwari koko, ariko bameze nk'abo tuzi (Heroic Kings). Ibimanuka byari Ibimana - cyangwa Amamana. Ab'Umushumi, bene Gihanga, bari Ibihangange koko - ari n'Ibihanda! Naho Abami b'Ibitekerezo, bene Ruganzu Bwimba na Cyirima Rugwe, bari intwari z'ibirenga, ariko bari abantu nk'abandi - kimwe na Mutara Rudahigwa, na se Yuhi Musinga, na Sekuru Kigeri Rwabugiri.

Ikiranga abo Bami b'Ibitekerezo, ni ubwenge, ibitekerezo nyine: bajya bavuga ko nta wigeze agera ku bwenge bwa Cyirima Rugwe, kandi bakavuga ko yabumenye akiri umwana, akaburusha Abiru ba Se, bagatangara cyane, maze bagakorana, bakabiganira, bati "Umwana yaturushije ubwenge, naze tumuhe ingoma ya Se". Abo Biru kandi nabo bari Abanyabwenge b'igitangaza. N'ikimenyimenyi, umukuru wabo, wigishaga uwo mwana nyine, yitwaga Cyenge - Cyenge cya Nyacyesa, Umwiru w'Umukobwa. Aho rero ni ho izina "Abami b'Ibitekerezo" ryaturutse.

"wari utuye ku Giti cy'Ibambe,
agatura ku Giti cy'Imbabazi,
akahatura ahashimye ikibanza,
ahakunze naho hamukunze...."

Nsoro ya Samembe rero yabyaye Ruganzu Bwimba, ari we Se wa Cyirima Rugwe, n'Abami b'Ibitekerezo. Aho naho hari akandi kantu twanenga Kagame: yagize ngo Abami b'Ibitekerezo ni bo bami "historiques", kubera ko iryo jambo "ibitekerezo", rituruka ku gutekereza, kugira ubwenge n'ibitekerezo bifite akamaro, yaryitiranije n'ibi Bitekerezo turondoora nyine, by'Inkuru z'Abami. Koko gutekereza bivuga kugira igitekerezo, ariko bikanavuga kurondoora inkuru - kubara inkuru - ukaba wakwibwira ko bashaka kuvuga Ibitekerezo nk'Inkuru z'Abami. Ati ubwo ni ukivuga ko ari bo Bami bavugwaho amateka menshi.

Ntawamurenganya, birumvikana. Ariko aribeshya: ibitekerezo bavuga aha ni ijambo riva ku gutekereza, si ukuvuga ko Ibitekerezo by'Abami ari aha bihera. Iyo biza kuba bityo, nta kuntu twari kumenya abo Bami bose ba mbere, kuva kuri Kigwa, ukageza kuri Gihanga, ukazasingiira Nsoro na Ruganzu Bwimba, hatari Ibitekerezo bibatubwira. Ntawavuga rero ko Ibitekerezo bitangirira ku Bami b'Ibitekerezo: Kigwa na Gihanga bari mu bafite Ibitekerezo birambuye cyane. Abami b'Ibitekerezo ni Abami batekereza cyane kandi neza, nk'uko nyine tubibonye ku mubyeyi wabo, Cyirima Rugwe.

Ngira ngo icyateye Kagame kwitiranya ayo magambo, kwari ukubona ko Ibitekerezo by'Abami ari byo bitanga Amateka y'Urwanda. Ni koko. Ariko na none, ayo mateka uko Abakurambere bayabonaga si ko Kagame n'ab'ubu bandi bayabona. Aba-kera batanze amateka y'Urwanda koko, ariko bahera kure cyane - mu ntango za Bene Muntu! Batangirira mw'ijuru, ku Mana, kuko nyine ari yo nkomoko y' Abami n'Abantu. Batubwira uko Shyerezo yabyaye umwana, nyina Gasani akamwita Sabizeze, Se akamwita Imana. Yamara gukura, akava mw'ijuru akaza kw'isi, akabyara Muntu. Ibyo babitubwira mu marenga, ariko yumvikana: aho ni ho Abantu batangiriye, kuri Muntu mwene Imana.

Abakurambere bamara kutwigisha ibyo, bakagira bati Inkuru ya Bene Muntu yarakomeje, uko ibihe bihererekanya, maze ukaba wayibonamo ibihembwe bitatu:

1. Abantu ba mbere,
2. Abo hagati, ba kabiri
3. Abantu bo kuri ubu.

Abantu ba mbere bayobowe n'Abami baturutse mw'ijuru, barabarera. Ababakurikira bayoborwa n'Abakomoka kur'ibyo Binyejuru, by'Ibimanuka, ariko babyarwa n'Abasangwabutaka. Abo ni ba Bazigaba Nyirarukangaga akomokaho, wabyaye Gihanga. Twavuga rero ko ari ibivange, nk'uko babiduciramo amarenga, bagira bati Gihanga yabyawe na Kazi k'Ikimanuka, ariko nyina akaba Umusanwabutakakazi.

Naho Cyirima Rugwe yabyawe na se Ruganzu Bwimba, ukomoka kuri Gihanga, nyina na we akaba akomoka kuri Gihanga, kuko yari umukobwa w'Abami b'Abashambo b'i Ndorwa, baturuka kuri Mushambo wa Kanyandorwa ka Gihanga. Abami bamukomokaho rero bari abantu nk'ab'ubu. Mwibuke kandi ko ari na kwo ibindi bihugu byinshi bivuga ayo mateka ya Bene Muntu. Ibyo Abanyabwenge ba kera bibandaho, ni ukwerekana aho Abantu bakomoka, n'uko barezwe n'Abami b'Ibimana, bamara gukura no kumenya ubwenge bagahakwa n'Abami b'Ibihangange nka Gihanga, bikazageza aho biishobora ubwabo, bakayoborwa n'Abami babaturutsemo. Ng'ibyo ibintu Ibitekerezo bitwigisha.

Amateka y'Urwanda mu buryo abiize amashuli ya kizungu bashaka, ni ukuzayashakira muri ibyo Bitekerezo, nk'uko nyine Kagame n'abandi babigenje, ariko bikarushaho gukurikiza amategeko yashyizweho n'abahanga ba bene ibyo. Ahatabonetse ibintu byanditse, cyangwa se ibindi bimenyimenyi n'ibyemezo, bagakoresha amateka avugwa, ariko bazi neza ko aturuka kw'isoko nyayo.

Nyamara iyo si yo mpamvu yonyine itumye dushaka guhinira kuri Yuhi Gahindiro. Indi mpamvu ni iyi: izina Gahindiro risubonura uhindira irembo. N'ubundi kandi Gahindiro yitwa Yuhi, akaba ari we mwami wuzuza ubutatu, "Kigeri-Mibambwe-Yuhi", bujya hagati ya Cyirima na Mutara, uko Abami bagenda bakurikirana : Cyirima - Kigeri - Mibambwe - Yuhi - Mutara. Iyo Yuhi atanze rero, ingoma zihita zihindura imirishyo, Urwanda aho kuba urwa Cyirima rukaba urwa Mutara, kugeza aho Mutara azacyurira igihe, agahereza Inkoni, hagashora Cyirima.

Kandi koko, nimwitegereza, muzasanga ingoma yaYuhi ikunda kwadukaho ibiruhije, maze iya Mutara cyangwa se Cyirima, igatangirana n'amakubarara menshi! Ikibigaragaza, ni ukureba mu Bucurabwenge, uko Abami bagiye bakurikirana, ugasanga ingoma ya Yuhi ikunda kuziraho amadumbu:

1. Cyirima Rugwe
2. Kigeri Mukobanya
3. Mibambwe-Mutabazi Sekarongoro
4. Yuhi Gahima

Ndahiro Cyamatare
Ruganzu Ndori

1. Mutara Semugeshi
2. Kigeri Nyamuheshera
3. Mibambwe-Mutabazi Gisanura
4. Yuhi Mazimpaka

Karemera Rwaka

1. Cyirima Rujugira
2. Kigeri Ndabarasa
3. Mibambwe-Mutabazi Sentabyo
4. Yuhi Gahindiro

Ingoma ya Yuhi Gahima yakurikiwe n'amacakubiri mabi cyane mu bana be, bamwe banga uwo yasigiye ubwami, ari we Ndahiro, abandi bamukunda. Ni nabyo byazanye ya ntambara ya karahabutaka ya Ntsibura, afatanije na Bamara ba Yuhi Gahima, n'abandi Banyarwanda b'ibisambokurwanya Ndahiro n'abavandimwe bari bamushyigikiye, n'Abanyarwanda b'abayoboke. Muribuka ko ibyo bisambo by'abagome byaje kwitwa Abanyabyinshi, cyane cyane aho bayoborewe na mwene Bamara, witwaga Byinshi. Abayoboke b'Umwami - hari hasigaye imbarwa - bakitwa Abaryankuna, kuko ngo bataryaga. Nimuzirikana aya mazina murasangamo inyigiho nyinshi. Iyo ntambara yaje kuvamo icyorezo kitaraboneka, Urwanda rurunama - ni naho ijambo Icyunamo riva. Rwaje kwunamurwa na Ruganzu Ndori, nawe yarakijijwe n'uko bari baramuhishe kwa Nyirasenge Nyabunyana, i Karagwe.

Ku ngoma ya Yuhi Mazimpaka naho, Urwanda rwagize ibyago, bituma umwana we wari kuba Umwami, ari we Rujugira, agomba guhunga. Aho Mazimpaka atangiye, hima Karemera Rwaka, yima ari Umwami w'inzibacyuho, ariko ntibyamubuza kumara imyaka myinshi ku ngoma. Kera kabaye, Rujugira aratahuka, asubirana ingoma ya se.

Ingoma ya Yuhi Gahindiro yo ntitwavuga ko yagize ibyago bingana n'iby'izo zindi, usibye ko icyegeera cye, Rugaju rwa Mutimbo, yaje gusa n'unganya amaboko n'umwami, no ku ngoma ikurikiye agakomeza atyo, kugeza aho anyagiwe, akanicwa. Ariko na none ntibyatumye Umwami agira ijambo: oya da, ngo icyo gihe havugaga Nyiramavugo wenyine, kandi Urwanda rugira Abami babiri, Umwami n'Umugabekazi, bagafatanya, ariko iyo Ummwami ari mukuru, atakiri umwana, Nyina aramureka akaba ari we uvuga, we agatuza. Ibyo rero nabyo ni ibyago mu bindi, bikitwa ishyano, bikagira ingaruka mbi, Urwanda ntirwongere kugira imitsindo nyayo.

Ibyo byose tuzabisubiramo mu magambo arambuye, uko tugenda twiga Ibitekerezo, dushishoza kandi tuzirikana inyigisho Abakurambere baduhishiyemo. Uko Ibitekerezo bikurikirana murabisanga hasi aha.

Ibitekuruza bikuru by'i Rwanda

| Kigwa |
| Gihanga |
| Cyirima Rugwe |
| Kigeri Mukobanya |
| Mibambwe-Mutabazi Sekarongoro |
| Yuhi Gahima |
| Ndahiro Cyamatare |
| Ruganzu Ndori |
| Mutara Semugeshi |
| Kigeri Nyamuheshera |
| Mibambwe-Mutabazi Gisanura |
| Yuhi Mazimpaka |
| Karemera Rwaka |
| Cyirima Rujugira |
| Kigeri Ndabarasa |
| Mibambwe-Mutabazi Sentabyo |
| Yuhi Gahindiro |